摘要：Abstract Background and purpose Advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and prostate sampling enable early identification of men with low to intermediate risk prostate cancer who are candidates for focal therapies that minimise side effects. We report dosimetry data from a pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of hemi-gland low dose rate (HG-LDR) brachytherapy as a focal therapy approach to control unilateral localised disease. Material and methods Twenty-two men underwent HG-LDR brachytherapy. Multi parametric MRI and transperineal template mapping biopsies were used to identify low volume unilateral disease. Whole gland therapy controls (n = 120) were retrospectively obtained. All implants were performed with 4D Brachytherapy. Results Intraoperative and postimplant dosimetry complied with established brachytherapy parameters. Mean (standard deviation) postoperative D90 for the target hemi-gland was 153.8 (11.3) Gy compared to 47.5 (12.7) Gy for the contralateral hemi-gland (P < 0.001). Mean postoperative V100% was 93.1 (3.9) and 24.6 (10.5) for the target and contralateral hemi-glands respectively (P < 0.001). Urethra D30 was 150.4 (19.8) Gy and 174.2 (15.0) Gy for hemi-gland and whole gland implants respectively (P < 0.001). Significantly reduced dose was also observed for rectum and neurovascular bundles. Conclusions HG-LDR focal brachytherapy is feasible with significant reduction in dose to the contralateral hemi-gland and organs at risk.